SEMANTIC FEATURES
(part 3) 

By: Drs. Sugianto

  When we try to find the meaning of a certain word or expression we normally depend on our understanding of the use or the context of that word or expression. Sometimes we find that the meaning seems very difficult to find because we know the little about the context. Or, we know the context but the meaning cannot be found because we know nothing about the word or the expression itself.

  To find out the exact, or the most appropiate meaning of a word or an expression we have to know the semantics properties, or the semantics features of the word or expression. A semantic feature is one of a set of abstract elements, used systematically in various combinations to define individual meanings or a set of meanings.

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  A semantic feature is used to distinguish the meaning of any one word from every other word. Semantics properties, or semantics features, of a word or an expression refer to the meanings that are related to the meaning of the word or the expression as agreed by the speakers of the language.

  E.g. “The assassin was arrested by the police two days after the report”

  The word “assassin” does not only mean “killer: It cannot refer to a child who killed someone or something that killed something else. “Assassin” refers to a “human”, “murderer” and “killer of very important people.

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—SEMANTICS
Part 2 (Kinds of Meanings)

—By: Drs. Sugianto

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  There are several way in which meanings are classified. They are based on different points of view. In this book are going to be discussed two types of classifications.

1.Based on the units of language that can carry meaning, meanings can be classified into three categories.

  a. The first is called word meaning that is meaning carried by a word. The branch of semantics that deals with the meaning of words is called lexical semantics. (Word are also called as lexicon or lexical items). Lexical semantics is concerned with the relationships among meanings of words.

  E.g. :  human means people or person (in dictionary)

  God means the creator and ruler of the universe (in religions such as: Islam and Christianity)

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b. The second category is sentence meaning that is meaning carried by a sentence. The branch of semantics that deals with sentence meaning is called sentence semantics. Sentence semantics aims to uncover the basic relationship that exists between noun phrase and the verb of the sentence. The relationship are called semantic roles.

  E.g. The man opened the door (the noun phrase “the man” serves an agent of the verbs “opened”.

  The door opened easily. (the noun phrase “the door” serves as a patience of the verb “opened”), etc.

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 SEMANTICS

PART 1 (LANGUAGE AND MEANING)

People usually refer to phonology, morphology or grammar when they talk about language. They rarely discuss the most important part of language, which is related to meaning. Meanings are considered included in other branches of linguistics as stated above. When people discuss about meaning, they usually relate it to dictionaries. This is not relatively wrong, but understanding meaning only by looking up at dictionary does not make us really understand the meaning.

Semantics, the study of meaning, as one of the branches of linguistics will help us understand more about language. As important as other branches of linguistics, it deals with one of the aspects of language, which is meaning. We can also say that semantics is a branch of linguistics that is dealing with meanings.

  The study of language meaning is generally divided into two main fields, semantics and pragmatics. Semantics deals with the literal meaning of words and the meaning of the way they are combined, which is used as the starting point from which the whole meaning of particular utterance is constructed. Pragmatics deals with all the ways in which literal meaning must be refined, enriched or extended to arrive at an understanding of what a speaker means in a particular expression. In this subject we will focus our attention to semantics, while pragmatics will be discussed in separate subject.

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